PyPSA stands for Python for Power System Analysis.
Free. Open-Source. Batteries included.
Model short-term market dispatch with unit commitment, renewables, storage, multi-carrier conversion, and more.
Optimize power flow in AC-DC networks using linearized KVL/KCL constraints with optional loss approximations.
Ensure system reliability by accounting for line outage contingencies under N-1 conditions.
Plan long-term infrastructure investments for generation, storage, transmission, and conversion with continuous or discrete options.
Co-optimize multi-period investments to design energy transition pathways with perfect foresight planning.
Solve large-scale problems sequentially with myopic foresight and dynamic updates across time horizons.
Two-stage stochastic programming for uncertainty handling with weighted scenarios and separate investment-dispatch decisions.
Explore alternative system designs with similar costs to understand trade-offs and decision flexibility.
Built-in support for CO₂ limits, subsidies, resource limits, expansion limits, and growth constraints.
Impose custom objectives, variables and constraints using Linopy for specialized requirements.
Support for wide range of LP, MILP, and QP solvers from open-source to commercial solutions.
A Lightweight Python Package for Calculating Renewable Power Potentials and Time Series
Python for Power System Analysis - the core framework for simulating and optimising modern power systems
A toolset for cleaning, standardizing and combining multiple power plant databases
A Lightweight Python Package for Calculating Renewable Power Potentials and Time Series
Python for Power System Analysis - the core framework for simulating and optimising modern power systems
A flexible Python-based open optimisation model to study energy system futures around the world
An Open-Source Energy System Optimization Model for the United States
A flexible Python-based open optimisation model to study energy system futures around the world
The people who power PyPSA
Last updated: Oct 1, 2025
Numerous research publications are built on the PyPSA environment. Here we highlight some of them. For an extended list, have a look at the up-to-date Google Scholar query.
T Brown, D Schlachtberger, A Kies, S Schramm… - Energy, 2018 - Elsevier
2018 · 864 citations
T Brown, J Hörsch, D Schlachtberger - arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.09913, 2017 - arxiv.org
2017 · 847 citations
C Breyer, S Khalili, D Bogdanov, M Ram… - IEEe …, 2022 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
2022 · 531 citations
MG Prina, G Manzolini, D Moser, B Nastasi… - … and Sustainable Energy …, 2020 - Elsevier
2020 · 475 citations
M Chang, JZ Thellufsen, B Zakeri, B Pickering… - Applied Energy, 2021 - Elsevier
2021 · 414 citations
Last updated: Sep 30, 2025